Learning to drive , too full , and Bukanhouhui

 Learning to drive, too full, and Bukanhouhui

learning to drive the first phase of exercise
steps:
one, start,
1. Clutch mining in the end, hang a file.
2. On the left turn signal.
3. Honking
4. Let go the brake.
5 foot lift the clutch. (Linked to the second gear left-turn signal to switch off)

Second, parking. On the right turn signal, hit the brakes, step on the speed from 10 to 20 yards, and then step on the clutch, and so do the following actions after the car completely stopped:
1. Brake handle.
2. Off neutral.
3. Off the right turn signal. First lift the clutch, brake after the song.


experience of the second phase to start parking on the highway.


third phase shift library school library back.

one straight line advance and retreat.

Second, the inverted Treasury:
down from the right, in the right side of the triangular window to see the middle piles, steering wheel rotation right around and saw the right bank side of two rods overlap, the steering wheel turn right death, see The first pile exposed the left bank of 20 cm, the steering wheel to the left back to the circle, the taxi companies directly, the steering wheel to the left back around, eyes saw a line in front of the left bank after the stop.
Third Shift
Library: Library Move Left Right bank,
1. Linked to a file, the steering wheel turn right dead,
2. Loose clutch, go to the middle of the front stakes 20 cm, the steering wheel immediately turn left to die after the car straight back to lap or two laps.
3. Linked to reverse gear, steering wheel, turn right to die in front of the left to see the left bank to which the pile warp aligned with the front, the steering wheel to the left back to death after the car straight back to the circle, parking,
4. Linked to a file, right turn around the steering wheel, front side and the stakes of about 20 cm into the steering wheel to the left back to the second circle around back to parking after the car straight,
5. Linked to reverse gear, the steering wheel turn right around,
6. To see the back of the right bank side of cars blocking stakes, and steering wheel to the left back to the second circle, the steering wheel to the right after the car straight back to a circle,
7. Steering wheel to the left circle, the car horn in front of two aimed at the left bank, the steering wheel to the right back around, the library and saw the car in front line and coincides roughly half edge, turn the steering wheel left to die after the car park straight, br> 8. Linked to reverse. Right around the steering wheel, backup database to see the left side of two overlap, the steering wheel turn left dead, 9. Seeing the right mirror, right bank to open branches of a tree 20 cm side lever, the steering wheel right circle hit the car straight, then turn right around to play the appropriate parking place,
10. The library, the front transverse edge of the front cover, steering wheel, dead right,
11. Turn 45 degrees around the front wheel back to the lap, the car straight back after the steering wheel around. Parking.


novice coaches to teach the initial recap standard action. Ha ha. If you just finished, and with * some may be omitted. On the train from the start:

one transfer position. Before and after the distance, the main tune manual left foot, step on foot to the clutch in the end, the legs slightly more than the degree subject. Automatic transmission throttle adjustment. Feet fine, hand generally do not have much problems, the hand to facilitate the operation of the steering wheel shall prevail. Back to a comfortable subject, everyone's requirements are different, but the security point of view, try not to put too low will affect driving safety belt lying role.

* familiar with the car. If it is not commonly used in cars, be familiar with stalls, lights, speakers, and so the use of equipment, different settings are not exactly the same depot. Ignition should be preceded by familiar stalls and other equipment can be familiar with * after the ignition

Second, prepare tinder. Manual gear stick left and right, to see whether into the file. Automatic transmission observed stall situation very clearly marked out. For insurance in mind, should develop a manual step on the clutch and brake the habit of ignition, even if the car into the file, so start there will not be any problems. Automatic transmission brakes. This is why after the first ignition of the reason for seat adjustment.

III ignition. Should all of it. Ha ha. If you twist the key does not move, is likely to be the steering wheel lock, and gently turn the steering wheel side, side screw it wants to. Do other things first, sparking the grounds that the car can be hot. After ignition, the first uniform slowly released the clutch and left foot, after confirming that no Guadang right foot brake loose.

* Fourth, adjust mirror. Left and right side mirror to see around the door handles as standard. The standard upper and lower horizon (Ping Road) in the mirror and the upper 1 / 3. Car rear view mirror to see the entire rear window shall prevail, if there PLMM on their own grasp of the back, hehe ... ...

five seatbelt. In addition to himself, as long as the seats have belts to remind passengers to the department.

six, hot car. Cold start, although some say could fuel ignition and go to, no more than 20 km on the line. But think about using the brain to know that no matter how advanced the technology now, with the engine load and no load engine than in the case of oil not yet reached operating temperature, the damage must inevitably be more serious. Moreover, the start, the engine load is very large. So, if not to save fire-fighting, the best hot car for 3-5 minutes before you go. In fact, there is less oil, roughly equivalent to running one kilometer only.

six starts. First hit the left light (the left side of the car in the right-light), see mirror (remember), to confirm the safety started. Step on the clutch, into a file (remember). Clutch release steps are: fast - stop - slow. Linkage to quickly find a half point, the car started when a slight shake. Parked in this location. Release the handbrake, the old habits of many drivers hit the brakes first, then loose the hand brake, so when you line up to see brake lights in front, and that he was ready to go, it is recommended novice habit of it. Release the handbrake, the right foot slowly release the brake. Many newcomers have put the clutch will not release the brake, the car shaking so badly he can not feel that this error is very hurt car. Come gentle right foot, the speed is increased to 1200 rpm. This time need to use the oil from the line with the legendary: the left uniform release the clutch, right foot gently while refueling, maintaining speed at 1200 rpm or so, until it is released the clutch.

handbrake start. Very steep slope (eg garage), and many people more heavy goods vehicle state, release the brake, even though the full release clutch, the car is still sliding after. The need to use the handbrake when starting out. One way or another the hand brake. Has put the clutch in the car began to shake. Handbrake does not release it. Keeping the left foot fixed (not turn off the key, the slope must not let off the clutch fast). Slowly filling the right foot, left foot clutch with (the cars are not violent shake, or even turn off date), the car has to move forward in the trend (increase the number of, mainly to see the situation in Singapore and car, not too fast, or else let go of the brakes to go out), release the handbrake. With oil from the left foot, slowly increasing speed as uniform release the clutch at the same time. Remind here that do not always come on do not loose the clutch, or burned the clutch, do not blame me. Compete with the driver to control the throttle, and a skilled driver can control the speed just right, tepid, looks like the start with the ground. Just put a lot of newcomers to the engine control step so loud, they might also burn the clutch. Exports in the garage is easy to see a driver's level: roared the red out, either limited, or is a bad mood or drunk. Ping Road, like walking out of the garage-like, tepid and evenly up, throttle control that he has a certain level. Recommendation: handbrake start practicing from Ping Road.

seven, back to the light. Many beginners forget, and made the back of the driver thought he had to change to the most heretical. Thus, the full completion of the initial action.

* Eight, test the brakes. If not, you often open the car, starting as soon as look for opportunities to test the brakes

Exercises: start stop 1. starting methods and essentials
the start, the key is the accelerator pedal (gas pedal) the methods and the clutch pedal back to the bit method.
* method of the accelerator pedal of the stampede


stampede amount of accelerator pedal is too small, clutch lift too hastily, easily lead to engine flameout. On the contrary, the amount of foot stepping on the accelerator pedal too large, the clutch connecting too fast, easily lead to vehicle channeling lines. These have to be attention.
* half-way clutch feel

engine sound bigger, the body began to shake, to determine vehicle has been started. Master clutch semi-linkage position, can prevent the car starting line when the channeling.
starting order
side will lift the clutch while stepping the accelerator pedal gently. Remember the correct order.



2. Parking methods
stop, the pedal should be put away early. The stampede is the brake pedal: On lightly trampled, afterburner slowly, gradually reduce the stop before the stampede.
gradually exercise, elimination of parking control method for moving shock wave.
1) stop order


2. Parking
stop to remember the correct sequence of operations. If the parking brake when parking (handbrake) the braking force is small, and sometimes vehicles will slip on. Therefore, parking brake, be sure to pull the parking brake lever until you hear a



on and off with the driving position (Figure) (4) 13:53 China Communications Press
seat and mirror adjustments
1 . seat adjustment
hold the steering wheel with one hand, one hand seat adjustment control handle to adjust to the foot clutch pedal and brake pedal can easily step in the end.

adjust the seat to the most suitable position.
2. the adjustment of rearview mirror

1) the adjustment of the rear-view mirror
maintain the correct posture, facing front, holding a mirror edge of the adjustment, turn the eyes to adjust to as long as you can see all the circumstances behind the car can be.
2) outside mirrors adjustment

exterior mirrors should be adjusted to the Ministry about the mirror can see the body horizontal 1 / 4, the vehicle body, 3 / 4; the horizon in the middle of the position under Shaopian to able to observe objects as far as possible on the road.
belt-line and extraction method
1. Department of Law
slowly out of the seat belt, do not tighten the strength it will buckle to hear the If the system incorrectly, in the event of accident can not fully play its role.


2. Abstract method
with the left hand seat belt buckle with his right hand to press the safety off. His left hand slowly to return.

Abstract seat belts, do not immediately wash off the seat belt, metal belt buckle to prevent bounce, broken glass or hurting people. Therefore, holding the seat belt must be slowly returned.
summary
Well, now let us review it.
1. lock the door

not just the driver's seat to lock the door, should also confirm whether the other doors locked.
2. adjust the seat

each pedal can be adjusted to (especially the clutch) foot in the end, and to facilitate the operation of the location of various devices to date.
3. rearview mirror adjustment

to correct driving position, the mirror will be adjusted to the car through the rear window can easily see the car behind the situation. See the body with the exterior mirrors and 1 / 4, see other parts of the body, 3 / 4.
4. Fasten your seat belts

seat belt fastened, until you hear a


ramp lane (Figure) 14:14 China Communications Press
exercise objectives: to grasp the characteristics of ramp traffic, select the appropriate speed and gear, to avoid driving in the middle of the parking ramp, back phenomenon.
one uphill speed and gear selection method
car moving uphill compared to level road, the need for greater power.
gear and speed of the relationship:



ramp lane (Figure) 14:14 China Communications Press
exercise objectives: to grasp the characteristics of ramp traffic, select the appropriate speed and gear, to avoid driving in the middle of the parking ramp, back phenomenon.
one uphill speed and gear selection method
car moving uphill compared to level road, the need for greater power.
gear and speed of the relationship:


Second, the downhill speed and gear selection method
1) began when the speed brake is not too fast.
2) linked to the low block. If driving fast enough, a gear lower and lower.
3) longer rely mainly on downhill engine braking, foot brake as a supplement.

three way stop in the middle of the ramp
1. uphill road parking method
car driving uphill, because the natural slope of the resistance will drop the speed down, compared with the flat section just gently brake. Depress the brake pedal hard after stopping, to prevent the car sliding backwards.

line with the previous car, because the vehicle in front are likely to slip, so to maintain a certain distance from the vehicle.
2. downhill parking method
downhill, under the action of gravity will gradually increase the speed, flat road than the long distance needs. Because the speed gradually increased, as soon as possible to depress the brake pedal is very important.






Fourth, Hill-start method 1. to use the parking brake (handbrake) Hill-start
the start ramp, pay attention to prevent the car backward shift. Operation must be prompt and correct.



2. do not use the parking brake (handbrake) Hill-start


slam the brake pedal the right foot, left foot clutch pedal clutch control in semi-state.


right foot brake pedal quickly moved to the accelerator pedal (this time a little harder stampede accelerator pedal.)
after starting the vehicle, semi-clutch state of the clutch pedal gently back to the place.
3. on the ramp when driving on the treatment flameout
motivation driving stalled on the ramp, the driver is very nervous, to be calm and operation. First, brake, do not get off, with the correct steps to re-start the engine.



ramp lane (Figure) (5) 14:14 China Communications Press
4. ramp causes the engine stalling

* stampede less accelerator pedal.


* lift the clutch pedal too fast.

* linked to the wrong gear.
* forget the parking brake lever down.
* Note: Driving cars, operation must be serious.
5. downhill starting method
start not a problem when going downhill. Using the downhill slope slowly release parking brake lever, the car started out. Select the appropriate speed after starting stalls, the clutch pedal return gently.

Treat yourself to the ... ...

 The audio volume is turned up to the fast shock bursts the eardrum , fried steamed bun Qingming grass !
whim, get to the heart of the two nuts yard and added a point into the sausage , taste good, like it! Is glutinous rice powder and thin, and borders of the bases is also just does not get , or even more perfect !
eating while doing the scene a bit messy ; devour the way , it should be very elegant ! Cares , no one saw ... ...
whim get some your favorite foods, feeling good ... ...

I, a turn may be

 Some people have no chance to see, and so have the opportunity to met, but hesitated, seeing as seen.

has not had a chance to do some things, so have the opportunity, but do not want to do it again.

some words buried in the heart for a long time, no opportunity to say, so have the opportunity to say when, say not exported.

some love has no chance to love, so have the opportunity, does not love.

many opportunities to meet some people, and are always looking for an excuse to shirk, to see the time had no chance.

Some words have many opportunities to say, but think of a later date, say the time has no chance.
There are many opportunities
some things to do, but day by day delay, did not want to do when they found a chance.

some love to you many opportunities, but do not care do not care, would like to emphasis the time had no opportunity to love.

Sometimes life is always very sarcastic.

I, may be a turn.

that good forever, I do not know how to scattered. After much deliberation finally turned himself was not sure what the reasons had separated each other. Then you suddenly wake up feeling is so fragile. Withstand wind and rain, but it can not withstand the ordinary; storm with the ship, fine then each dispersed. Maybe just a fit of anger, perhaps only because the small things. Sweet fantasy and good, or hug when they met again, that time is beat the other side edge tears, but also giggle. It is a beautiful picture.

did not think that was actually not a lifetime.

Thus, each have their own lives, their love other people. Loved each other, it is now independent of each other.

even in the same small city, nor did it meet again. One day at a certain moment, walking in the same street, can not see each other.

first sigh, then helpless.

Perhaps you are happy, because to find another suitable person.

Maybe you're not happy, because you may only the gifted the true intentions of the man in you.

long, long time, not each other's news, they no longer think this person is also not want to think about.

Gray Wolf and Red Wolf Classic happy love quotes

 Wolf: his wife. You do not unreasonable!
Red Wolf: I've never talked to you science, home is not unreasonable place. Say you are a man, also 28 months than I do, you have to let me.
about money
Wolf: After I caught the sheep, in proportion to you, I also caught a little more than to stay too long, so I tend to be positive.
Red Wolf: Good.
Wolf: I'll give you what percentage?
Red Wolf: one hundred and twenty percent.
Wolf: places ....


Red Wolf on the idea: Let's go play.
Wolf: Well, you say where to go.
Red Wolf: I have a mind to say to you also!
Wolf: I'm out of ideas you never agree.
Red Wolf: I do not agree with what is called the idea of ​​ah, and what is perfunctory! You have to stop there idea, until I satisfied
Wolf: the amount of ....< br>

Red Wolf on the center: I have been in our family center in your home I am also able to center.
Wolf: I have been in our family center.
Red Wolf: Can I have this center that center than you are important.
Wolf: Why?
Red Wolf: Because I am a daughter, you're just a kid.
Wolf: the amount of ....< br>

Red Wolf on the mood: I work on the bad mood, will reduce the quality of our marriage.
Wolf: I would feel is not good work.
Red Wolf: No, you have heart, tolerance better than me. Than me because you fist, the heart is also older than me!

on clothes
Red Wolf: The clothes look good?
Wolf: good-looking.
Red Wolf: you're patronizing me, want me to hurry to buy over to go home,
. . .
Red Wolf: What clothes look good?
Wolf: does not look good.
Red Wolf: you will not want to buy me!
Wolf :....


get something on the Red Wolf: the bag you carry it with me.
Wolf: I took four bags, and you get nothing, the nerve it?
Red Wolf: I was holding it for you! You have 100 kilos of it, I get something more than what you get heavier.
Wolf: ...

on eating
Red Wolf: I eat the plum in half, very good to eat, you eat the rest.
Wolf: I do not like plum.
Red Wolf: No, you love to eat! You are not eaten anything against me!
Wolf: This is very good to eat fish to.
Red Wolf: You have to dirty chopsticks touched, who eat!
Wolf: Then I eat you eat half, I do not hold anything against you, how do you hold anything against me?
Red Wolf: Exactly. I hold anything against you that I am better than you clean. I'm clean, how can you than you hold anything against me? !
Wolf: ...


Red Wolf on the water: her husband, I want to drink!
Wolf: I'll give you keep on doing. Hey, this cup is not in your hand Well, did not see?
Red Wolf: Yes, I just want you to me.
Wolf: ...


Red Wolf on the phone: Why do not you call me? !
Wolf: falsely accuse! Today is not that a good thing you give me a call. Finally, I waited a day, or I'll call you.
Red Wolf: I have said, may I changed my mind. Zhang said: Women have the right to change his mind.
Wolf: Do you change your mind did not tell me it!
Red Wolf: I said, my heart said, Who told you and my heart is not interlinked.
Wolf: ...

Wolf on the dishes: a while you do the dishes?
Red Wolf: Good.
Wolf: how not move ah?
Red Wolf: I have a headache.
Wolf: lazy dead, do not let you wash your headache.
Red Wolf: Really! The thought of washing I get a headache.


Red Wolf on a walk: walk to a piece of the road we have it.
Wolf: too far to get there, now that we can not go back.
Red Wolf: Well, you carry me back.
Wolf: ...

on chores at home
Wolf: Let the home sub-division of it.
Red Wolf: Good. First, the dirty work was a man do it. Such as grazing / toilet brush / wipe the table. . .
Wolf: This is right.
Red Wolf: men outside, women inside. And outsiders dealing with your kid, buy food / pay the water bill / check the newspaper and milk.
Wolf: It. . . OK!
Red Wolf: You studied engineering in school, and I was learning the arts, and live with your kid things, like washing machines / fridge / cooker / iron. . .
Gray Wolf: OK, OK, then what are you doing?
Red Wolf: Do not worry, ah, so much smoke in the kitchen, can destroy the skin, and cook you have to do it.
Wolf: So tell me you do it.
Red Wolf: I have a lot to dry Yeah. I can be with you, monitoring you, praise you, comfort you. . . . . .
Wolf: ...

about love
Red Wolf: that all the > Red Wolf: boyfriend, you can not interfere with me.
Wolf: Well, I have a girlfriend.
Red Wolf: No!
Wolf: What makes you the line I can not ah.
Red Wolf: I have a boyfriend, you can not do the others can do, I will not pick your old problems, and is conducive to a happy family. Your girlfriend, I am acting by a small, jealous, and your noisy called, is not conducive to family stability.
Wolf: I have acting by little.
Red Wolf: a man, and woman as acting by a small, loss of nerve to say you!
Wolf: ...


Red Wolf on the affair: now the old play affair on TV, you say, you will have an affair it?
Wolf: no.
Red Wolf: Why?
Wolf: Do you have a regret I had enough, never again to be the second! !
then --- wait .....

bottom of the pot on the bed (a)
Wolf: You are so mean and how it accounts for the earth child!
Red Wolf: That, of course, I have to stand up, have to stretch it!
Wolf: ...

on the bed (b)
Red Wolf: We cover the double was it.
Wolf: Do not! That the next morning to all wrapped on you. I did cover none. Or build your own bar, and my heart at ease.
Red Wolf: Well, you are yourself cover, until tomorrow morning I still have to be wrapped to go!
Wolf: ...

get
Wolf on: Get up, do not you get up early today to meet Well said.
Red Wolf: Do not waste my I go to sleep.
Wolf: Get up now, it will be late.
Red Wolf: You do not touch me! I would also like to sleep on it! !
. . .
Red Wolf: Yeah! Are late! How can you not call me? !
Wolf: ...


Red Wolf on the dinner: her husband, let's go there to eat ah, what to eat?
Wolf: What would you like?
Red Wolf: What have I decided to, ah, then I would also like you to do? Casual, eat what you eat
Wolf: That we went to eat XXX XXX it
Red Wolf: furious, and eat this, ah, every time you get a little creative so I have mad want to get angry about the truth


Red Wolf: You see the girl more beautiful.
Wolf: What nice ah. Red Wolf: What do you mean! Why do not you and I are keeping!
Wolf: pretty nice.
Wolf: ... hey ... you do not go ah, how to ignore me?


Red Wolf on children: we want a child.
Gray Wolf: OK.
Red Wolf: Do you like our children?
Wolf: Yes.
Red Wolf: No! You have a person like me!
Wolf: Well, well, I like you a man.
Red Wolf: What makes you think that my children do not like Ah!
Wolf: we still do not have to children.

divorce
Red Wolf: If we divorced, the house belongs to me, my money I have to take.
Wolf: What about my money?
Red Wolf: Your money is my money, what is your money!
Red Wolf: Also, your monthly income after divorce have to give me 80%. Ah, if you marry again, then I became 60%.
Wolf: my wife, I will not divorce you!


Wolf on gender equality: equality between men say, we also have equality at home is not equal?
Red Wolf: OK ah. Woman men bully you bullied several thousand years. So we have to bully the bully you for thousands of years, it is true equality. But wait, then a few thousand years, our family had to equality.


Red Wolf of happiness: You married I was not particularly happy ah?
Wolf: do not see. You are not unreasonable and do not work, toss the same old people, how happy I ah.
Red Wolf: This is your happy ah. I'm not unreasonable to contrasting tolerance of your generosity; I do not work to train you, so-called hearts are more than the body, so strong you do not please; I toss, you just full of life colorful, you see, your marriage life is so monotonous it like someone's home.

And green, lilac and emerald - Reading

 Spring Festival, awarded the netizen Oleaceae, clove is a deciduous shrub or small tree. because spendthrift, such as nails and the Hong slender named, also known as Yang cloves. its inflorescence large, lush flowers, color and elegant, aromatic, robust habit, easy culture, and the famous garden flowers, widely cultivated in the garden applications. Flowers were apical or lateral panicles, color purple, lilac or violet, and purple and blue with white and purple, white and purple for the majority. for the temperature, the warm stomach, confidant of the medicine can get into Seoul.
ancient poets to write cloves worry, because the clusters of lilac and more open, like a knot. called Hengjue months like a hook. plantains do not show clove hitch, to the spring with their sorrow. Who is God? think yo! Clouds Bluebird does not pass the letter, cloves Results rain melancholy air. Looking back at Chu Mo Green Wave Three, then Day flow. way to stay in a store. shopkeeper's daughter, after more than an early age, watching the student good character, talented, they love for students, and scholars are also very admired the girl's machine Minbo news. day, the two rendezvous for pleasure than the couplet , a scholar on the joint: the door the wind! girl cried two really love each other, seeking his father accomplished. can not allow the owner insisted. girl temperament Ganglie, night Qijueshenwang. shopkeeper rude awakening, only daughter dying in accordance with the Well, after it buried in the hillside.
scholar did not forget the girl's friendship, guarded day and night in the tomb. Before long, covered with lush clove mound actually, its flowers, sweet smell. mound why just blooming lilac girl? is no intention that, or did he make there than that? the student does not understand. by the brood, the student finally epiphany: the original lilac is the girl out of the second line of ah!
because of, the joint point of water; and one hundred, one thousand, ten thousand. love story and the more mass the more it is really far away ... ...
In poetry, a long history of legendary river yo swaying. the world separated by many enthusiastic, read these poems and legends, all more Acacia ... ...
, of course, the lilac is not arrogant food production, Persia, Ceylon cloves, and Kunming, Yunnan is a native of cloves; this is not the legendary owner of cloves into the daughter of cloves, but unique delicate and pure girl. > Dingxiang Jun said: purple petals. the wind is still, swaying the thoughts, swaying with the green time.
parting, the afterlife, green lilacs still bloom, you must pass through the street ... ... green, but also love the fragrance of those purple. were elegant and noble, has a rich sensibility, delicate and sensitive, aesthetic and elegant; these people inside are very strong, very calm and quiet, but apparently, for the soul to arouse sympathy in their own things, will desperate for The moving and passionate yearning; Most of the people like purple weak constitutions, or easy to allergies, physical conditions that make such people more astute, sensibility, strong and rich, very humane, deeply Welcome ... ... < br> horse ignorant, not only do not understand the text better understand poetry, and only know a few words, like History and poetry only. After reading naive love; feel the lilac blue, lilac Chui, understanding and respect for Ding Xiangjun ... ...
green, from green wood to fire the process pure, all things grow phase, surpass the master. Lilac Chui Mei ... ...
who Toba also, sharp color, if diamond jade-like fresh, pure heart and pleasing to the eye. ...
medicine ... ...
Dingxiang Jun said: flowers inconspicuous flowers, will be pleasant mood. a Bicao also exudes poetic. like to live in their own spiritual space, to his house disguised as a poetic soul deep. fragrance into a poem ... ... appreciate the poet's attitude towards life and this period of his heart oath: 'I Yahata integrity, Minghui, freedom, as long as I have such power. I vow with the selfish and the sole property of the powerful company of evil conspiracy, and I will be attacked. I Yahata will contribute to the U.S. my whole life of worship. 'cloves just a plain ordinary woman, just want to be a virtuous person, man, just like a clear conscience. ambition, the text, such as people, read the also there is no eighty-nine bar or two, no one is perfect in life. As long as all the treasure they own, seriously have a good life of their own. So, even if the rainy days, the hearts of the sun still shines. > Ding Xiangjun finally said: lilac multi-talented woman is not poetry, even more valuable!
spring has arrived, lilacs will be blooming all over the green mountains and rivers in Yunnan, to the folks sent more local gas filled more and more strong flower, bear green lilac 

Outline of Modern Chinese History (Chapter 1-5) short-answer discussion

 The first chapter of the struggle against foreign aggression
Second, short answer
1, China's feudal society
the performance of the social crisis also appeared late Qing dynasty Qianlong the rise and fall. There are five aspects of their performance, before the period is all three, such as, politically, to strengthen centralized, bureaucratic negligence, corruption, bureaucratic corruption integrity. Economically, land acquisition serious usurious rent increase, no land less and less farmers to increase, farmers living in poverty state. military, military decline, arms lax. Banners Army Green Standard Army was no fighting corruption. ideology and culture, with the taste of foreign domination of Manchu, Daxing literary inquisition, suppression of heresy, and immobility. External Relations on the implementation of a policy of seclusion, almost in a state of isolation.
Qing crisis is all the previous dynasties, as signs of regime change there, but history has not given China the opportunity to create another feudal dynasty. big world frame of reference has changed, the arrival of Western capitalism, will change the fate of China.
2, why the first Opium War in 1840 is the beginning of modern Chinese history
from 1840 to 1949, China has gradually formed and deepened evolved to do for the semi-feudal state.
first of the semi-colonial. This is from the perspective of political sovereignty. violations of sovereignty, territorial integrity had been damaged and no fact, became a country its name.
Secondly, of the semi-feudal. This is the deconstruction of the economic base and economic perspective. (1) feudal self-sufficient economy began to disintegrate, the commodity economy to a certain degree of development, the Chinese agricultural economy has become dependent on the world capitalist market a part of. (2) stimulation of capitalism in the West, China's urban and rural areas into the capitalist production relations and to be developed.
3, semi-feudal society is characterized by what?
(1) capital of the empire Marxist control the lifeline of China's economic and political decision and dominate China.
(2) China's feudal forces had colluded with the aggressors, one is the oppression of the Chinese people's social powers and the rule of basic pillars.
(3) Although the natural economy destroyed, but the landlord still land ownership.
(4) Although the production of capitalism in China and have some development, but still weak, did not become the main body of China's economy.
(5) China's political and economic development is highly imbalance, China's internal disunity. This struggle of imperialism and capital m and indirect control, and the local agricultural economy of China on the basis of local separatist, China is a vast and so on.
(6) of the Chinese people and people living in extreme political power impoverishment.
4, the characteristics of the Chinese national bourgeoisie
(1) divided into upper and lower middle class.
(2) two features and a double personality. On the one hand by the Emperor, sealing pressure, certain conditions can take part in anti-imperialist anti-sealing under the revolution, or remain neutral. On the other hand, due to weak, with the Emperor, letters are inextricably linked, the struggle against the lack of thoroughness.
(3) the national bourgeoisie can not lead in China democratic revolution to victory.
5, the formation and characteristics of the Chinese working class What?
sources characteristics: born in a foreign enterprise in China, the Chinese bourgeoisie than the older age and qualifications, social base and larger social forces.
the Chinese working class to its own characteristics: ① by the Emperor, letters, capital triple oppression, more revolutionary. ② despite fewer, but the relative concentration of (geographically concentrated in the coastal ports along the Yangtze River city mainly concentrated on the industry in the textile, mining, railways, shipping, etc.), easy to organize and form a revolutionary force; ③ mostly from bankrupt farmers, and farmers have natural links, easy to form worker-peasant alliance. Therefore, the Chinese working class and the most advanced , the most revolutionary and most powerful.
6, modern struggle against foreign aggression the Chinese people what is the cause repeated failures?
1840-1919 years of struggle against foreign aggression have failed because:
(1) the social system of corruption. This is the root cause. Qing Dynasty rule after entering the modern, social system unchanged and more corruption. even after collusion with the invaders, the majority of Chinese people as the main enemy. people patriotic officers and soldiers against aggression, and therefore the resistance often leads to failure. (2) economic and technological backwardness of the Chinese people against aggression are an important reason for the failure. Western industrial revolution, rapid economic, technological and military equipment development, China's GDP is small, industrial technological backwardness will certainly vulnerable to attack. will inevitably affect the economic and technological backwardness of weaponry, military quality, comprehensive strength and so far inferior.
three essay questions
1, the establishment of the Western capitalist system and the colonial expansion China's threat
(1) the establishment of the capitalist system and the Industrial Revolution .1640 bourgeois revolution in Britain marked the world into the capitalist era. the United States and France have established the capitalist system. the capitalist system established after the industrial revolution. highly efficient production of large machines to replace the original workshop production of the low efficiency of the manual.
(2) expansion of capitalism and the inevitable contact. capitalist commodity production needs raw materials and product markets, capitalism system in place, the Western capitalist countries through colonialism, the military, political, economic and cultural invasion of their country into a way to put some part of the capitalist market. China has become the object of the fate of its expansion has been inevitable, war is inevitable. < br> 2, the two major conflicts in modern Chinese society and its relationship
comparing a pair of contradictions of feudal society, modern Chinese society added a pair. expressed as: the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, and the masses of feudalism contradiction. before a contradiction is the contradiction between the most important contradictions. the movement of the contradiction between the two throughout the semi-feudal society, determines the development and changes in Chinese society.
the relationship between two contradictions: different times show different state, if any to resolve ethnic conflicts is the main object. such as the previous war against aggression and the Boxer Rebellion. sometimes presented as the main contradiction of class contradictions, such as the Taiping peasant uprisings and Revolution. sometimes collusion between the two work together, such as the suppression of the Taiping peasant movement.
3, in modern times the two major historical tasks facing the Chinese people and their relationship
(1) the nature of semi-feudal society and the principal contradiction, the decision of the two major historical tasks.
(2) two historical mission of the statements: First, obtain national independence and liberation of the people; the second is to achieve national prosperity and people prosperity.
(3) the relationship between
difference: the main, the content is different. The former want to change the national oppressed, exploited the people of the status and condition, from the overthrow rule of semi-feudal social order, and solve the problem of the relations of production; which is to change the modern cultural and social backwardness of China's economic status and the state is to fully develop modern national industry and commerce to address the productivity problem.
contact: completion of the first major task is to create conditions for the second task is completed.
the one hand, the former is a prerequisite, only the realization of national independence and liberation of the people to repeal the powers to impose unequal treaties in order to overthrow the feudal autocratic system, change the comprador and feudal production relations, the liberation of productive forces, opening up the road toward modernization.
other hand, the fight for national independence and liberation of the ultimate goal is to make China's modernization, to achieve national prosperity and people's common prosperity of the Chinese nation independent nations of the world.
4, from the Opium War to the Chinese people before the Revolution of the performance of the awakening of national consciousness
doctor before the Opium War and the general concept of the Chinese people: towards a kingdom of heaven.
After the Opium War began to gradually change, resulting in the awakening of national consciousness, its performance and the process is:
(1) Learn the length of Technology from the Western ideas and thoughts generated Early Reformers: Lin Zexu: Modern China eyes open to see the world first. Wei: Editor against foreign aggression. to create a place in modern China and the West to learn the first of its kind. Westernization Movement in Ma Jianzhong, Wang Tao, Zheng Guanying and other early Reformation thought, advocating reform of feudal autocracy.
(2) national salvation and rejuvenation of the slogans shouted out: Sino, Chinese people began to universal awakening of national consciousness. Fu revitalizing the Chinese nation, the history of the various classes of Chinese drama staged this.
second chapter of the national way of early exploration
Second, the short answer questions
1, how to assess the Field System, 1) by the narrow horizons. it is pursuing is a small cottage industry of agriculture combined with the natural economy is a small farmers do not mind the circulation of commodities, commodity exchange and the mean absolute ideal society. Therefore, this social ideal, is not realistic fantasy. of the feudal system has negative meaning, but not constructive.
2, how to evaluate Tianjing to put forward the program, but did not involve the issue of farmers and throughout the land, does not mean that the original movement direction of the peasant class. The fatal weakness, decided from the beginning of this program on the lack of implementation of the class basis and social conditions.
3, the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and brief lessons
(1) the root cause of failure: a lack of leadership of the advanced class. peasant class is not a new representative of productive forces and production relations, with the class of small producers inherent limitations.
(2) the specific reasons (root causes of the external appearance) can not be made complete and correct political and social reform program is not scientific theory. can not long maintain the unity of leadership, unable to stop the phenomenon of corruption within the ruling group and feudal hierarchy thought the breeding in foreign issues, the foreign capitalist powers of the lack of rational understanding of real aggression.
(3) Lessons learned: the occurrence and failure of the Taiping Rebellion that, in the semi-feudal society, the farmers have The great revolutionary force, but it can not assume leadership of the struggle against imperialism and feudalism responsibility victory.
4, the failure of the Westernization Movement What?
(1) has a feudal Westernization Movement. Westernization Movement guidance thought is semi-feudal process of increasingly grave situation, the more positive the introduction of Western purpose.
(3) foreign affairs of the enterprise management has decayed. Westernization enterprises run by the management is still new to the feudal bureaucratic style of management, so that enterprises lack the Westernization vigor and vitality.
(4) the persistence of the Qing ruling forces in the block is one of the reasons.
5, outlined the reasons for the failure of the Hundred Days Reform Movement and lessons
(1) main reasons: the failure of the Hundred Days Reform Movement is the main reason limitations of their own class reformers (the Chinese national capitalist economic power is very weak, very narrow social basis of the national bourgeoisie, which is the root cause) and the Empress Dowager Cixi's conservative forces, led by strong opposition.
(2) specific Reason: not deny feudalism. in politics can not simply deny the feudal monarchy; economy did not touch on the economic base of feudalism feudal land ownership mm; thought by Confucius in the name of illusions. has always been his dream to help the reforms of the Western powers. divorced from the masses. Reformists limited range of activities, basically limited to some bureaucratic literati and intellectuals, did not get the support of the masses. and fear of the people. < br> 3) Lessons learned: the Hundred Days Reform is China's national bourgeoisie political arena for the first time show. Reformative not only exposed the failure of the weakness of this class, but also that in the semi-feudal China, the attempt by the rulers the road to improved top-down, is not feasible. in order to achieve national independence, democracy, prosperity, must be a means of revolution.
three essay questions
1, Shishu Taiping peasant struggle While the historical significance of the Taiping Rebellion
failed, but it has important historical significance.
First, it dealt a heavy blow of the feudal ruling class, strongly shook the foundation of the rule of the Qing government. (1) from the size, duration (14 years), affecting the depth of the point of view, are larger than all previous peasant uprising. (2) under the influence of the Taiping Rebellion, the uprising around the surging anti-ethnic groups (such as Heaven and Earth will revolt, and ethnic groups Nien Rebellion uprisings, etc.). accelerate the process of decline of the Qing dynasty.
Second, it is the peak of the old peasant war, with a different from the previous history of peasant wars of the new features. (1) peak: the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its own regime, proposed the , reflecting the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with a history of war is different from the characteristics of farmers in the past.
third, severely criticized the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Confucius and the Confucian classics, to some extent weakened the feudal rule of the spiritual pillar. (contact characteristics of feudal society to understand the cultural characteristics of )
Fourth, the Taiping peasant war against a powerful foreign invading forces. Taiping leaders rejected the unequal treaties prohibited the opium trade. collusion among the common foreign reactionary forces suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the soldiers waged a heroic struggle. < br> Fifth, in the mid-19th century national liberation movements in Asia, the Taiping peasant wars are the longest, largest, it and other Asian countries converge with the national liberation movements, the impact of Western colonial rule in Asia .
2, Shishu historical role of the Westernization Movement
(1) an objective to promote the early Chinese industry and the development of national capitalism. Westernization inherited Wei Yuan's ; of ideology, the beginning of modern education. In order to develop new diplomatic, military, scientific and technological personnel, a number of new schools opened Westernization, sent the first official school students, this is the beginning of modern education in China.
(3) dissemination of new knowledge, to open people's horizons. Westernization of a number of Western books in translation, introducing modern Western scientific and cultural knowledge, to bring China to the then new knowledge, new knowledge, broaden people's horizons.
(4) caused changes in social values and the values. With the rise of the Westernization Movement and the emergence of the capitalist mode of production, traditional values are under attack, it has also changed social atmosphere conducive to the development of capitalism, social atmosphere conducive to change.
3, Shishu Hundred Days Hundred Days reform movement Reform Movement significance
failed, but with the progress and impact of historical significance.
(1) Hundred Days Reform Movement was a patriotic movement for national salvation. Reformists in imminent danger, and divide the moment of crisis around the corner to come forward and set off a political reform survival, and safeguard national independence and national salvation movement of capitalist development, reflecting the requirements of the times.
(2) the Hundred Days Reform movement (China earliest) the nature of a bourgeois political reform movement. broke through the Westernization to succeed, but in the (new point of view) the impact of the feudal system.
(3) the Hundred Days Reform Movement is a the Enlightenment. reformers vigorously spread of Western social and political theory, natural rights of publicity, freedom, equality, social evolution, ideas, criticism of feudal monarchy and the feudal Gangchanglunli is conducive to democratic ideas spread in China. driven by the reformers, the formation of a wide range of cultural reform movement, and the development of modern education has played a positive role.
( 4) reform of social conduct in the Hundred Days Reform movement also has the meaning can not be underestimated. reformists and women's advocates get rid of opium and other bad habits of foot-binding, advocated br> Chapter III Revolution
Second, short answer
1, how to look at the nature of the Provisional Government Republic of China.
Republic of the nature of a bourgeois revolutionary regime.
(1) in the composition of on the control of the bourgeois revolutionaries of this regime.'s Revolutionary Party and the Alliance members in important sectors of the government as the main duties.
(2) in the implementation of the various political, economic cultural and social policy measures, embodies the wishes and interests of the Chinese national bourgeoisie, but also to some extent in line with the interests of the Chinese people
(3) domestic and foreign aspects of the interim government in Nanjing limitations. First recognized by the Qing government and the powers given all unequal treaties and the all the debt owed. The second is not proposed to meet the requirements of farmers of land policies and measures
2, Revolution Revolution
the historical significance of the victory was a more complete sense of the bourgeois democratic revolution, the Chinese people for national salvation and survival rejuvenating the Chinese nation as a milestone of great historical significance.
(1) revolution overthrew the rule of the Qing dynasty in China, a heavy blow to the reactionary forces and foreign rule in China. for the development of the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people has opened up road.
(2) Revolution ended two thousand years of feudal rule in China, autocratic monarchy, the establishment of China's first republican government of a bourgeois, so the idea is catching on democratic republic.
(3) Revolution is also an ideological liberation movement. Revolution the ideological progress and open the door to national consciousness.
(4) Revolution to promote social, economic, social customs and habits of thought, new changes have taken place.
( 5) Revolution against the imperialist forces in China, the Asian countries to promote the upsurge of national liberation movements.
3, outlined the struggle against the Northern Warlords
(1) launched the Chinese Revolutionary Party: the assassination of opposition to Yuan Song Jiaoren and the Tokyo formally established the Chinese Revolutionary Party.
(2) protect the country and the war started. to oppose Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, Cai E December 25, 1915, Cai E declared independence in Yunnan, Protection Movement broke out on March 22 .1916 , Yuan cancel monarchy.
(3) law enforcement campaign launched: to restore and protect the Republic of China and the the old democratic revolution in China's end. indicates that the Chinese people's revolutionary struggle against imperialism and feudalism will have to enter a new stage of development.
two essay questions
1, Shishu Three Principles of the doctrine of the basic content and meaning < br> (1) nationalism, including the clear anti-imperialist stand, there is no clear way to Han Chinese warlords, the bureaucrats, the landlords as a revolutionary object.
(2) Democracy is on Democratic Republic. in theory, the purpose of solving the problem of revolution. However, democracy is no clear majority of working people's status in the country, really hard to protect the rights of the people.
(3) the content of the People's Livelihood, . , a set of in Chinese history did not have a bourgeois republic's founding program, is a more complete program of democratic revolution.
2, Shishu Revolution and the failure of the historical limitations of the lessons learned < br> Total: bourgeois revolutionaries, the weakness of their own.
points: Revolution of the limitations of the performance of the specific table:
(1) does not propose radical anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary program.
there is no clear anti-imperialist agenda, compromise or concession in exchange for fantasy recognition and support of imperialism.
they only emphasized over and the establishment of anti-republican, do not realize against the feudal ruling class, the final hand over power to the same Yuan is the representative of the feudal forces.
(2) did not fully mobilize and rely on the people. can not rely on the main force of the peasant masses against feudalism, or even suppress the people's revolutionary action.
(3) does not establish a strong revolutionary party, unite all revolutionary forces to play a strong core. League organization lax, factions confused. After the Revolution, and some advocated dissolution of the League, and some other built-party, independent mountain. .
failure and experience: China to send the weakness of the bourgeois revolution and the resulting limitations of the Revolution, the Revolution is difficult to escape defeat. Revolution only to overthrow a Qing government, not overthrow imperialism and feudal oppression and exploitation, imperialism and feudalism did not complete basic tasks.
Revolution's failure that the bourgeoisie of the Republic of the program failed to save China, Chinese people need a new advanced exploration for China to seek new outlets.
Chapter epoch-making event to explain changing
t
two important test sites, short answer
1, before the May Fourth Movement, the main contents of the New Culture Movement What?
(2) intense criticism as a feudal Confucian ideas. New Culture Movement, the spearhead of attack to maintain the focus point for the purpose of the feudal autocracy and the basic content of Confucianism to evolutionary theory as the main weapon of emancipating the mind and personality, strongly criticized the feudal Tsunatsune ethics, vigorously promote the new morality, against the old morality.
(3) to promote individual liberation and freedom. for the emancipation of women, family problems, marriage, love and so a lively discussion, promote gender equality and bourgeois freedom democratic ideas.
(4) promotion of literary revolution. the main literary revolution, including the literary content (replace with the new literature on the literature) and form (in the vernacular to replace classical) two aspects of the revolution.
2, before the May Fourth Movement What is the meaning of the New Culture Movement?
whole, is a bourgeois democratic revolution of the nature of the Enlightenment, has important historical significance.
(1) it is a new culture of democracy with the bourgeoisie the struggle against the old feudal culture is the Revolution in the continuation of the ideological and cultural fields, a heavy blow to the feudal autocracy.
(2) it strongly promote democracy and science, will be caused by people from the darkness of the feudal autocracy freed , opened the tide of emancipation.
(3) to accept it as the advanced elements of Marxism in China to prepare a suitable soil for the May Fourth Movement in China, beginning with creation of new democratic revolution and the ideological and cultural conditions.
3, the New Culture Movement in front of the May Fourth Movement which historical limitations?
the limitations of the historical conditions of the May Fourth New Culture Movement before there are obvious shortcomings.
(1) (from the real economic base) new advocates of cultural movement does not reveal the existence of feudal autocracy social roots; from the economy and the bourgeois republic, the root causes of program failures attributed to ideology and culture, is wrong (there is suspicion of idealism). They advocated bourgeois democracy, can not effectively transform the Chinese society.
(2) (formalism of thinking) a few people in thinking that there is absolutely positive or absolutely negative bias formalism (with metaphysics too).
(3) (from the masses of working people) they give priority to transform the national character, but it is produced from the transformation of feudal revolutionary practice of the social environment, not the movement spread to the workers and peasants, a few people cry alone, difficult to achieve its objectives.
4, the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement and the historical background of what are the conditions?
(1) the new era. It took place in the Russian October Revolution opened up the world proletarian socialist revolution new era.
(2) a new social force growth of the Chinese working class mm. With the national capitalist economy during the First World War the rapid development of China's working class and the power of the national bourgeoisie is also expanding into the m-step up. (the eve of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, China's industrial workers reached 200 million people)
(3) mm New Culture Movement to promote the emancipation of the trend. for the May Fourth Movement, to prepare the initial mass base and backbone.
5, the early spread of Marxist ideas of what characteristics of exercise?
(1) emphasis on learning the basic theory of Marxism, specifically with the social democratic Second International, to draw the line. China, a Marxist movement of ideas began to adhere to the revolutionary principles of Marxism and the right direction.
(2) attention from the reality in China, learning, the use of Marxist theory. early Chinese Marxists have actually formed a Marxist shall be China's realities and ideas, although not clearly stated at the time of this proposition.
(3) intellectuals began to put forward the working masses should be combined with the idea. (zhao advocate intellectuals to be loyal to the people for the people of the pioneer To go to the private sector to the rural areas).
6, around the early organization of the Communist Party which carried out the work?
(1) further research and advocacy of Marxism.
focus and Engels, Lenin original learning, advocacy of Marxism and the Russian Revolution of experience. and anti-Marxist thought debate three times, and expand the influence of Marxism.
(2) organize and conduct vigorous labor movement, to the workers to carry out propaganda and organizational work .
suitable workers published in the popular press. to create trade unions and labor schools
(3) for discussion on party building and the actual organization.
group developed Shanghai Communist Party launched the sen to Mao Zedong's letter to explore the founding of the problem.
(4) the work, to further promote the Marxist movement combined with the Chinese workers for China to create a unified organization to prepare the conditions for the working class vanguard. < br> 7, the historical characteristics of the Chinese Communist Party set up what is?
(1) Features: The Chinese Communist Party in particular the establishment of social and historical conditions, with the following two characteristics:
(social revolution theory of scientific socialism.
(there is the kind of labor aristocracy of Europe, there is no social basis of reformism.
Therefore, the Chinese Communist Party is a beginning theory of Marxism-Leninism as the guiding ideology of the party is a party different from the Second International, the new workers in social reform class revolutionary party.
8, the first KMT-CPC cooperation is the political basis of what?
(1) 1924 年 1 month, the first time the KMT National Congress of the Declaration on the Three People's Principles were adopted by the new interpretation, we must extent, overcome the limitations of the old Three People's Principles: nationalism highlights the performance of the anti-imperialist content, emphasizing the complete independence of foreign for the Chinese, while advocates equality of all nationalities; civil rights civil rights, the general stressed that there were civilians, should not be New Principles and the CCP program of the democratic revolution in the basic principle is the same as the political foundation of the KMT-CPC cooperation, the joint program and the Revolutionary United Front
9, the Northern Expedition into the reasons for the victory?
( 1) The implementation of the KMT-CPC cooperation, the establishment of the revolutionary united front, especially the Communists and the Communist Youth League, the Northern Expedition exemplary vanguard role is an important reason for the victory.
(2) Expedition had the overwhelming support of the workers and peasants. Expedition is against imperialism, against the warlords, just under the slogan of the revolutionary war, has been the strong support of the people.
(3) Northern Expedition multifaceted assistance by the Soviet government, in particular, sent military advisers to help develop the Northern Expeditionary Army the right military strategy and tactics.
three essay questions
1, features the history of the May Fourth Movement May Fourth Movement and the historical significance of
in the new times and new social and historical conditions occur, with the Revolution as the representative of the old democratic revolution do not have the historical character and historical significance.
(1) is a complete modern history of the revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism, the thoroughness of the performance of the anti-imperialist . the struggle against the Chinese people against imperialism and feudalism to a new level online.
(2) is a real mass revolutionary movement. young students played a pioneering role in the political arena Chinese working class began to , late in the movement played a dominant role.
(3) promoting the widespread dissemination of Marxism in China, and promote the Marxist movement combined with the Chinese workers, the founding of the Chinese Communist Party cadres on the thought and preparation . On the one hand, the working class intellectuals looking for transportation east to promote the way with their combination. On the other hand, a preliminary communist intellectuals struggle in practice and gradually transformed into a Marxist.
(4) May Fourth movement The great Chinese democratic revolution start. May Fourth Movement took place in the Russian October Revolution, the Chinese revolution has become part of the world proletarian socialist revolution. May Fourth Movement, the proletariat, the bourgeoisie gradually replace the national democratic revolution in modern China to become the leader .
2, the historical characteristics of the Chinese Communist Party set up what is?
(1) Features: The Chinese Communist Party in particular the establishment of social and historical conditions, with the following two characteristics:
(Original

Fan Meizhong Read Me

 Fan Meizhong readme: Any cultural tradition, just because a commercial transportation and developed areas, and its over-commercial and secular fit with my temperament, but also extremely detrimental to my growth. My parents are illiterate, Marx hanging on the wall at home Engels, Lenin, Stalin, and Mao's portrait. I'm the youngest a son, there are even three older brothers and one sister. I came to this world, to the very poor families to a greater burden. but the parents has not been as superfluous as I, but gave me the most love.
irresponsible as his father, my mother bear with her thin body almost all of the family burden, and she gave me love get my life the greatest warmth, such love will never settle in my heart of hearts, so when I'm always in the face of darkness is the darkness swallowed whole Buzhi Yu. I grew up a bad temper, very tough, introverted eccentric, not very attractive, so that some of my relatives think I'm afraid I do not fit to survive in this society. But young and I show some of my father and some neighbors seem unusual side. For example I'm not on the primary school under the influence of the brother learned to read simple books, do some addition and subtraction multiplication and division calculations, reaching levels around the third grade. so my father always thought I was a child prodigy, he hopes one day he might be able to have I am so proud of a son. In fact, looking back, I was smart mathematical logic stronger than the average person only.
my primary school in 1979, when I read the first lesson on the primary language textbooks is Mao and Hua Guofeng sit together picture of Mao Duihua said: s! Chairman Mao died and the Cultural Revolution, when I was four, no major events and this one memory of the Cultural Revolution. but I have on the rural communes and collective memory, especially in poverty brought about such a system even unforgettable impression left me hungry. I remember a year in the Spring Festival is the famine, the family cooked rice, how do I remove fishing can not be the number of meters from which to. but the child is always the monsters do not care, they do not take the family. Therefore, the family's poverty and the absurdity of the era only through the atmosphere it brings makes me feel depressed, more often, I still was a carefree child-like.
the survival of today's children when competition from their birth to begin. They have to participate in piano violin since childhood, painting Mathematical Olympiad, and other training courses. and I have no such additional burden, the field is my wild world, I have no job stress cases, free to grow up in nature. We are basically to produce their own toys, I have to catch fish shrimp fishing, listening to cicadas and twittered childhood summer! then later each time to listen to Luo's childhood, . in such a young age, my soul there is an inexplicable sadness that I feel this is not a physical world, I really want, I'm always longing and yearning for a distant, perhaps, that does not exist things. Compared with other children, stubborn eccentric, sensitive soul is rich in terms of mathematical logic, so a little bit superior intelligence could be my special place.
I read and the reality of the world outside of the yearning and obsession is birthright. at home without any books, teaching materials brothers and sisters became the object of my reading, I read a lot of comic books, mostly historical romance comics in various dynasties, most impressed by children's book is . memory of the times a little bit utopian, and will not do as eighty after the children, just read in a book of articles about that era, or listening to come to talk in that era, as if the absurdity of listening to distant and magical legend.
heroic fantasy from my youth, aged around
's time to start, great time in the event of significant changes. household contract responsibility system so that farmers unprecedented release of energy, and I was no longer hungry. In the popular culture level, instead of Teresa Teng's private emotional narrative of the great mantra of collectivism, the TV series totem. flower shirt, bell-bottoms, long hair, sunglasses, pointed shoes, three sheep became fashionable youth brand mark recorder. Jet Li's such films have inspired me with the passion of heroism and patriotism.
born in the sixties, according to people who recalled the era of the eighties is the ideal, is the poetry of the era is the era of the spirit is freedom and democracy the grand narrative of utopian burning passion. But since I grew up in small town suburban and rural areas, age and much smaller, so that the culture and the pursuit of enlightenment ideas had little effect on the ideal atmosphere to me. I was just nine After ten years on behalf of reading through a variety of ways to review and imagination to experience such a spiritual atmosphere, to understand those historical facts and their ideas. this decade is very simple for me, is heroic fantasy stage.
the third grade when a classmate gave me a martial arts novel my desire and ability of the super hero of chivalric fantasy, then I read on into the era of a decade of martial arts. Because of my mathematical logic more than the general intelligence of students eager to learn as I ponder, as I have memory, and also simple and focused as I thought, so, although I rarely listen class, assignments are often not finish, very little effort from top to bottom in the study, parents of students in the teacher's academic performance is valued, I was always the leader, each exam have felt light-hearted and always winners!
me extra energy, too much blood fantasy vision and emotion have no place to place, so almost all projected onto the martial arts, and fancies himself chivalric hero ! I went to see the road, seen hiding in the woods, steal school to see, lying in bed late at night to see, read Jin Yong Gu Long Liang Yu-Shen Wen Jui martial arts haggard look TRANSACTIONS Wo Lung Sheng Liu Canyang child, I almost read the whole county All martial arts find that some of my classmates surprised that a person all day to see how martial arts admitted to the North? decade later recalled reading experience that I deeply regret it, lose, why not read a The development of my spiritual and intellectual enlightenment of valuable books then? this time if there is a good teacher or a thoughtful friend brought me into the mind and spirit of the world is good! Not only that, my life energy in the martial arts great the novel can not be fully released, it is also buy a variety of martial arts magazine self practice martial arts, I bought all the sports magazines, bought all the military magazines, and novels of romance, Chiung Yao, the fundamental disdain. this period my teacher My impression of how what? graduate in early 2089 when the teacher looked at my graduation photo shook his head, said: , after mixing of social difficulty,! have been very serious. simple, I do have a sense of justice can not accept that such feelings and indignation of the simple entrance when I was a volunteer reporting.
North four years: the pain of schizophrenia in the wake
because of widespread corruption of officials in anger, I decided to apply for China University of Politics and Law, I imagine to be a judge to preside over justice. But the strange combination of circumstances that, because the college entrance exam better, I was Beijing University history department s impossible. this time I did not expect the North what it means to me, did not anticipate how it will affect my thinking and life trajectory, but that was admitted to Beijing University as a dream for me, I had In fact, this dream did not dare to do.
at Peking University in my mind is so sacred and unattainable, so that any professional I do not care. Yanyuan formally entered, I can not fail to mention Shijiazhuang Army Academy one year of military training. the teenage years, I have filled with longing for the army, but military training year, my fantasy hopes hit the army to pieces. forces of tyranny and patterns of extreme for me, this be it most can not stand is the brainwashing of our, they forced us to learn Deng Mao's election, this is my extremely intolerable.
as VOA's sake, I was squadron District officials criticized the team, they also confiscated my tape recorder. I do not eat that eat soft hard against the right of management services. They stirred the arbitrary practices against my strong feelings. But I have to say, this time I am twenty years old, but no contact to any intellectual resources, not an expert by any of the advice, just an instinctive revolt. year of military training ended, I get one breath, the nightmare is finally over! I look forward to new experiences into a new sense of Peking University, I to look forward to the excitement!
filed Beijing University, my feelings are complex. In addition to an initially controversial strange, Grand View Garden in general, feel confused, silly! class is basically a doctoral degree to teach us, although now my point of view, their thoughts and knowledge is bad enough, but definitely better than my high school history teacher too strong more, at least they do not give the standard answer.
but these are not so important, teachers in the North now has few adhere to intellectual conscience, to look beyond pure dedication to value and protect the spirit of flame, and should it be done teacher, back to the era of the North to find Cai Go! present value of Peking University is that it does not how many excellent teachers, but in its campus culture, specifically, is a variety of lectures by a variety of daily cultural societies and universally loved reading the students eager to learn the campus culture alive! the first two years, I kept the shuttle out of a variety of lectures, and moderation in all aspects of buying a large number of books on the human thought.
Of course, you do not expect this time of the classroom and lectures at the university there are the voice of teachers can be issued heresy, enlightenment can be your mentor. you know, the early nineties, whether North or the whole of China are side by the intellectual disaster, in a state of immobility. I once said in an article, this time truly thinking of university teachers are either living on the bloody arena, or be rushed abroad, or being thrown into prison. That being the case, there I have a direct impact on daily instruction of my teacher or college tutor thought it? No, certainly not! So how can I shower in the dark to the glory of the Enlightenment and the pain gradually start to awaken ignorance it?
led me to wake There are two main factors. The first is the pain of schizophrenia prompted me to start thinking. At that time some of my classmates have to fight to join the party after they enter the government agencies seeking to better prepare for the future, so watch them so ambitious interested in their own right of way, I feel ashamed for their complacency, and I sprouted a big money when the high official homecoming of the ideal. But my people have a big mistake because it is too honest, fake bad! I never used to say against his words, then attended classes from School to very painful, very difficult written application to join the party, this time I began to hate their honesty, National Cheng Kung University were sloppy cause ah! you are even this thick black kung fu No, how in this society mixed ah? said I did not mean that the students are calm, being applauded this idea. And I began to feel wonder why I want this society to survive well under this system must be his own become hypocritical? must be dishonest to lie? must be devoid of their own conscience first of their own worse? in the end the system of our country, culture and national character have a problem or I have a problem? or have problems ? this intolerable schizophrenia prompted me to start thinking about the pain.
think the starting point to another Cultural Revolution. I was history, and have a strong feeling of patriotism. but the reality is always let me the national feelings of pride and patriotic fervor would suffer. such as the time to start junior high school physics and chemistry, I found the theorems in natural science axiom that almost all Europeans get out, and why no Chinese scientists contribute? China is so cattle, why was it so poor why the weapons so far behind? particular, I can not accept is that my great motherland in the twentieth century, how can such a ridiculous farce staged the Cultural Revolution it? Reflections on the Cultural Revolution in China that started me thinking history, culture, politics, the Chinese national character and history of communism, the political theory of the logic operation and so on.
this period the greatest impact on my thinking person is hou. hou today with the times because there is no forward, there is not much worth to say. But I never want to thank him! in his gene to know Chinese culture in general and transcendent values and non-utilitarian spirit of the pure love of knowledge; in his has not expired, the Chinese people in general do not value the pursuit of the ultimate meaning of individual freedom, but put it into the nation-state as a means of grand narrative; hou also highlight the theme of the subjectivity of individual life and individual existence to some extent to the chance to oppose the decision theory, this concept is to some extent for my individual consciousness.
this period of Hayek's the awakening of thinking, and consciousness of individual existence, I began life on the utilitarian value of unsatisfied began to feel the presence of loneliness, emptiness, and absurdity, feel the ultimate meaning and sacred value of life lost due to missing and homeless grief. whether it is to squeeze into the pursuit of power, or walking into a store official pursuit of money is not my true desire. Therefore, a university graduate, I strongly feel the confusion of life and choice of life path of confusion. I even think that these the pain is vague I like to read the consequences.
view on the university to return after their education school, I think the knowledge that time to accept the liberal arts are basically used to deceive our pseudo-knowledge, education The idea is not to open their horizons and allow them to think freely and to be truly seeking the truth survival ability, I feel the good times throughout the teenage years are a shame to waste too, too many students in the stupefying education authorities the cheated! hope was based on the one hand, those who will not repeat the tragedy of my feelings of Reciprocity, on the other hand the pursuit of this ideal of education to some extent the pursuit of transcendent value satisfy my urge, therefore, the University graduation, I chose to take the initiative to Sichuan Zigong Light Middle School to teach high school history.
Zigong three: lonely cry of despair is often the beginning
naive idealist, and he senses a number of issues, accept some new concepts and ideas, to assume that others can understand and accept. so naive I want to come crashing doomed. I graduated from college after one thousand nine hundred ninety-seven chose to take the initiative to Sichuan Zigong Light Middle School Education high school history. in the course of modern history, I tried to sum up the lessons of history, China's cultural tradition, political and systematic reflection of national character; I have also written textbooks for certain historic events of the shelter to reveal evaluation of school textbooks of history and ideology of the simple correction, such as the Cultural Revolution on the Japanese on the anti-rightist on; the same time I was in class advocated the separation of powers, advocate freedom of the press; I have tried to awaken students to pursue the awareness and value of life awareness of individual rights.
but I obviously Chinese schools closed environment and society as a whole are conservative and underestimated the utility indifference! I shock the world by various remarks quickly spread to the mouth of the parents of students there, spread to colleagues and where school leaders, principals say hello to me many times, asked me to follow the party's education policy, threatened to stop my class! people to look at me look crazy to me as a bookish geek crazy! a colleague said: you do not fit to survive in China, China has its own national conditions! on how the environment is bad. no one understanding and support, I got a man can change it? principal colleagues concepts and the extreme conservative and rigid examination of extreme crazy atmosphere made me feel like being all wilderness, lonely and not cry hoarse people respond violently to my head on the wall, he was the invisible wall to bounce back, I was exhausted but can not seem to change anything! year later, my blood began to cool down, split my heart extreme anxiety and pain, do not I would like for life and reality completely powerless? often, I am a man no one cold night wandering in the streets of Zigong, do not know Where is the way?
to think the problem, inquiring of life, education and political and social way , depression despair, I continue to read for spiritual resources. this time I do not have Internet access, and therefore missed the earlier fellow on the network to find opportunities. In this environment, I read the book more than Jiemo Luo, although not obtained What enlightenment ideas, but do not have a My Dao feel alone; this time saw how clear pouch hung from belt of the reality!
but this time, with my heart gives me strength alone is more writings of Lu Xun. whether the mad mad lonely experience or experience of the pioneers, as well as numbness in Yong public experience, or the dark nothingness of life experience, I have been there to find the resonance of Lu Xun. And Lu Xun on Chinese culture and Chinese people philosophy, truth, sincerity, truth, freedom, independence, criticism of these words have become key words. This is nothing less than three years, then three years of my life, try them, or that the soul of purgatory! borrow the words of Lu Xun, I finally know that they are not rallying to echo those who gathered for a hero. When the ideal face reality, when from the den to society, the naive illusions will soon burst, and the world will never be as simple as imagined! insisted that rise or depression? continue to pursue the ideal of or into the utilitarian pursuit of secular life? adapt, and change the environment or to find the ideal environment? not my wish to adapt to change not my best, so after three years teaching in Zigong, I chose to escape from stressful conditions, to find the ideal the environment! to Guangzhou to the Chinese media's paradise! maybe another way I can to realize their value!
media career: real freedom is a dream
always satisfied with my simple material existence . always want to do so to survive on little beyond the physical meaning. For my part, can not do education, the media is another option. I do not like people prefer the newspaper media, through the media reveal the truth about society, critical political and social realities, leading the concept of change, promoting social progress. But in my experience and contacts at the time, I did not have the opportunity to enter the media. Sport is my hobby, in the University students, then internship after I left, also in 2000 during the European Cup was first reported to the controversial articles of my Wind Window utopian dream. This close on some of the most freedom and the spirit of the most critical to my understanding of the media was devastating. When I was in high school teaching and Zigong depressing despair, I look forward to the free and full of vitality of the southern city of Guangzhou. when I really, when exposed to the media in Guangzhou, uncompromising character that I even can not accept such media. I dream of the place where ah? This is devastated! I want to return to secondary school. from the child started, adults have generally finished! So I went to a private school in Guangzhou Huamei Foreign Language teaching.
to return to the podium I have learned the lessons taught in Zigong, a start is quite restraint, but I am not a person with a heart the ability to divide. In secondary education, I did not realize the absurdity of high school literature books when I was admitted to Beijing University, and once I no longer believe that a fraud, I can not mouthpiece materials do, I can only understand as I read through the facts and realized that the history of ideas and their own feelings and experiences of independent thinking to guide students to think and face the truth. Therefore, I can only restraint is limited , can only be a short time. in class was about, I will be free to play up! want me to restrain free thought and speech and the pursuit of truth and the desire to desire is simply impossible!
pursuit of truth This is human nature, but we have long been tools of education and ideology, which makes it long ago forgotten what the pursuit of truth and a critical spirit. In the context of the overall closed thinking, I thought so heretical remarks destined to cause a sensation. soon, where parents learned from the students in my reaction, where they called to complain to the school leadership, secondary school department heads quickly to listen to my class, I did not realize the seriousness of the matter, let alone even aware of what I do not care, still according to my individual freedom to class, in class I were compared with Deng Xiaoping, and Chiang Ching-kuo, Chiang Ching-kuo affirmed, the principal one was scared, this is also amazing, dare to criticize our great beloved Comrade Deng Xiaoping? he quickly talk to the boss to report, immediately decided to stop the back of my two classes that day. I had left China's education in private schools who hopes, because I think they have the freedom from institutional constraints have full autonomy, as the private sector in general, should be dynamic and creative spirit. But the reality is not entirely as I expected. public school system does the rigid, conservative style, making progress, but under the current system, public schools to expel a person is not so easy to do, and not afraid to close public schools, private schools are the most afraid of this, if they do not decisively put me off the reactionaries, the state can threaten a sector off the private schools, so they All investment will be lost, so they can not tolerate more heresy. my first time teaching career for nearly three years, and this time only twenty-one! no political freedom, no room for pluralism, the emergence of private schools to change Status of Education rigid closed almost meaningless.
this time where I can go? I finally sought to an acceptable media is the Guangzhou Daily Dayang Soccer Channel to do the network editing. The working conditions general, do not need any creativity, but in fact the Chinese media is not totally free, at least two areas in the sports and entertainment a reality. you want to criticize the leadership Football Association, coaches or the players are certainly no problem, so I do not mind splitting and, of course, there is no sense of the value. And I was a fanatical football fan, so this work or have some interest. This goof mixed for two years, copy and paste job is typical of the simple manual no technical content does not require any creativity. This worked for me that the pursuit of meaningful and creative work of people like a long time is obviously intolerable.
ideal environment in secondary schools and the media are not, where can I go? and Zigong, when teaching, I feel very anxious and desperate heart is still often wandering aimlessly in the street, go? this time I had the idea of teaching scholarship to the University, the University is better than high school some of it free? scholarship, after all, I have a dream, right? However, no university would want me no fame undergraduate, graduate school to pursue a Ph.D. degree in university I have to! but English is ready, the political book was determination of the ground floor of my anger, my life is not his mother for graduate exam shit!
after a friend's introduction, I went to the Changping District of Beijing's State Council Development Research Center under the Edit. the one hand I was not very interested in the economy, on the other hand I am about the Qin Hui Xiao Xuehui, who made the manuscript is very difficult to get out, the editing is done very depressed very suffocating. this time I know the network Friends, Hangzhou Foreign Language School language teachers Chu-Yang Guo introduced me to hang outside to teach, is to teach the language! heard that hang outside the very free, I heard that they are very forgiving heads, I heard that hang outside of the teachers are good students, compared with the teaching of history than to teach the language to more clearly avoid political problems. I can only care about aesthetics, not painfully so schizophrenic! hang outside my memories, I love the teachers group, I like good talent there, and a strong desire to learn students, I like the relaxed atmosphere of this school. But since I do read the Literary Society in guiding the process of publication in journals, students are introduced Li Shenzhi, Zhu Xueqin, Orwell, Wang Shiwei and Lin Zhao and other figures, some teachers see shocked after the furious: This terrible, too reactionary! so he is there to complain to the school leadership! together with the vice president in charge of teaching already Shishi Chang could not understand me, and this time I did not in this stay off school, lost such a good environment to achieve the ideal of education, I am filled with regret! this incident is a lesson to me: I'm too hard-edged, too hasty it! really decided the fate! I am more suited to pursuit dash of daring general, not suitable for those who adhere to a compromise in!
this incident, I went back to Guangzhou after the attempt to continue to seek the media's work. In any case, I think in both my own to the circle of self-worth and turn. I suspect this is my destiny, is God's intentional! Why else would these two types of work from anything else I do feel worthless, not does it mean? So many people are not doing business is very happy? After a friend's introduction, I had the opportunity to ah? She said: degrees of freedom, and do ass news? rather starve then I would rather accept friend-funded work are determined not to accept this.
secondary education: complex
my heart forever like a circle and shift half of China, This time I really felt completely cornered! downright despair! I do not decadence that even telephone contact with the family! as well as they thought I committed suicide! I really thought about suicide? not, against despair, This is Lu Xun spiritual support to me! my life the energy and willpower of people are strong and will not easily give up and throw in the towel! when I suddenly thought of an educational magazine in Chengdu Qin Hui's education over a magazine interview, Lee is a very good education, media people! If you can not teach in the schools, through the media to join some of the lonely in real life, educational and social ideals of the teachers were good too! can borrow The platform, some ideas and dissemination of new educational philosophy is also very valuable thing ah! do this magazine and even the ideal combination of my education and the media ideal! doing thinking deeply and widely in-depth understanding of the reality of education in China, met a lot of primary and secondary schools of thought have good teachers, we have organized many activities to disseminate new educational philosophy. to do such trivial things on a solid concrete I read and still have a great impact on academic pursuits, but to change the value of education in China is no doubt great, so I no regrets!
But China's reality is always cruel. Agency under the Sichuan Education Press, as publishers and a deal of an educational institution, magazines are an institution to take over and renamed. Teachers readers mind! more than a year, I'm reading, Kandie, then decadent! to display their talent and realize my ideal place where to?
2005 semester, through a friend Li Town, teacher recommendations, I was hired to have any IB schools Jiang optometry Asia language teachers IB is a pre-university courses from the UK. Guangya at the school, I simply do not know why the matter IB? get it in the syllabus, I feel fresh and new, IB language courses are not scheduled uniform materials, but offers to a large bibliography for my hobbies, and according to their own students to choose the specific situation; it is very flexible teaching methods, emphasis on inspiring students and help students develop creative thinking and to develop the research capacity of students; its examination of the manner is unique, so that students write papers, write literary criticism, but also an oral exam! I am free to practice my philosophy of education following my ideals of education! in these three years, the Guangya School, Mr. Qing Guangya gave me unconditional trust and support gave me the greatest freedom! ...